11,757 research outputs found
A Model with Propagating Spinons beyond One Dimension
For the model of frustrated spin-1/2 Heisenberg magnet described in A. A.
Nersesyan and A. M. Tsvelik, (Phys. Rev. B{\bf 67}, 024422 (2003)) we calculate
correlation functions of staggered magnetization and dimerization. The model is
formulated as a collection of antiferromagnetic chains weakly coupled by a
frustrated exchange interaction. The calculation done for the case of four
chains demonstrates that these functions do not vanish. Since the correlation
functions in question factorize into a product of correlation functions of
spinon creation and annihilation operators, this constitutes a proof that
spinons in this model propagate in the direction perpendicular to the chains.Comment: revised version to appear in Phys. Rev B., 8 pages, a reference adde
Estimating Poverty for Indigenous Groups in Chile by Matching Census and Survey Data
It is widely held that indigenous Chileans experience greater rates of poverty and indigence than non-indigenous Chileans, yet the evidence to date has been based on surveys that are not representative by ethnicity. In this paper, we use poverty mapping methodologies that are typically applied to geography to develop statistically precise estimates of poverty, indigence, poverty gaps, and indigence gaps for each of the eight indigenous groups recognized by Chilean law. We find that indigenous people experience higher rates of poverty and indigence and greater depth of poverty and indigence than non-indigenous people. These results hold within individual regions, suggesting that the differential access to economic opportunities in different parts of the country cannot fully explain the results. We also find that the burden of poverty is not shared equally across indigenous groups. Instead, the Mapuche and Aymar· experience disproportionately high poverty rates. We argue that including ethnicity in criteria for identifying poor households may help policy-makers to improve antipoverty targeting.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/64360/1/wp932.pd
Estimating Poverty for Indigenous Groups in Chile by Matching Census and Survey Data
It is widely held that indigenous Chileans experience greater rates of poverty and indigence than non-indigenous Chileans, yet the evidence to date has been based on surveys that are not representative by ethnicity. In this paper, we use poverty mapping methodologies that are typically applied to geography to develop statistically precise estimates of poverty, indigence, poverty gaps, and indigence gaps for each of the eight indigenous groups recognized by Chilean law. We find that indigenous people experience higher rates of poverty and indigence and greater depth of poverty and indigence than non-indigenous people. These results hold within individual regions, suggesting that the differential access to economic opportunities in different parts of the country cannot fully explain the results. We also find that the burden of poverty is not shared equally across indigenous groups. Instead, the Mapuche and Aymará experience disproportionately high poverty rates. We argue that including ethnicity in criteria for identifying poor households may help policy-makers to improve antipoverty targeting.Poverty; Indigence; Ethnicity; Poverty Mapping; Chile
Signature of Schwinger's pair creation rate via radiation generated in graphene by strong electric current
Electron - hole pairs are copuously created by an applied electric field near
the Dirac point in graphene or similar 2D electronic systems. It was shown
recently that for sufficiently large electric fields and ballistic times the
I-V characteristics become strongly nonlinear due to Schwinger's pair creation.
Since there is no energy gap the radiation from the pairs' annihilation is
enhanced. The spectrum of radiation is calculated. The angular and polarization
dependence of the emitted photons with respect to the graphene sheet is quite
distinctive. For very large currents the recombination rate becomes so large
that it leads to the second Ohmic regime due to radiation friction.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figure
Colloquium: Physics of optical lattice clocks
Recently invented and demonstrated, optical lattice clocks hold great promise
for improving the precision of modern timekeeping. These clocks aim at the
10^-18 fractional accuracy, which translates into a clock that would neither
lose or gain a fraction of a second over an estimated age of the Universe. In
these clocks, millions of atoms are trapped and interrogated simultaneously,
dramatically improving clock stability. Here we discuss the principles of
operation of these clocks and, in particular, a novel concept of "magic"
trapping of atoms in optical lattices. We also highlight recently proposed
microwave lattice clocks and several applications that employ the optical
lattice clocks as a platform for precision measurements and quantum information
processing.Comment: 18 pages, 15 figure
Elastic systems with correlated disorder: Response to tilt and application to surface growth
We study elastic systems such as interfaces or lattices pinned by correlated
quenched disorder considering two different types of correlations: generalized
columnar disorder and quenched defects correlated as ~ x^{-a} for large
separation x. Using functional renormalization group methods, we obtain the
critical exponents to two-loop order and calculate the response to a transverse
field h. The correlated disorder violates the statistical tilt symmetry
resulting in nonlinear response to a tilt. Elastic systems with columnar
disorder exhibit a transverse Meissner effect: disorder generates the critical
field h_c below which there is no response to a tilt and above which the tilt
angle behaves as \theta ~ (h-h_c)^{\phi} with a universal exponent \phi<1. This
describes the destruction of a weak Bose glass in type-II superconductors with
columnar disorder caused by tilt of the magnetic field. For isotropic
long-range correlated disorder, the linear tilt modulus vanishes at small
fields leading to a power-law response \theta ~ h^{\phi} with \phi>1. The
obtained results are applied to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation with
temporally correlated noise.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures, revtex
A novel platform for two-dimensional chiral topological superconductivity
We show that the surface of an -wave superconductor decorated with a
two-dimensional lattice of magnetic impurities can exhibit chiral topological
superconductivity. If impurities order ferromagnetically and the
superconducting surface supports a sufficiently strong Rashba-type spin-orbit
coupling, Shiba sub-gap states at impurity locations can hybridize into
Bogoliubov bands with non-vanishing, sometimes large, Chern number . This
topological superconductor supports chiral Majorana edge modes. We
construct phase diagrams for model two-dimensional superconductors, accessing
the dilute and dense magnetic impurity limits analytically and the intermediate
regime numerically. To address potential experimental systems, we identify
stable configurations of ferromagnetic iron atoms on the Pb (111) surface and
conclude that ferromagnetic adatoms on Pb surfaces can provide a versatile
platform for two-dimensional topological superconductivity
Bi-HKT and bi-Kaehler supersymmetric sigma models
We study CKT (or bi-HKT) N = 4 supersymmetric quantum mechanical sigma
models. They are characterized by the usual and the mirror sectors displaying
each HKT geometry. When the metric involves isometries, a Hamiltonian reduction
is possible. The most natural such reduction with respect to a half of bosonic
target space coordinates produces an N = 4 model, related to the twisted
Kaehler model due to Gates, Hull and Rocek, but including certain extra F-terms
in the superfield action.Comment: 31 pages, minor corrections in the published versio
Statics and dynamics of elastic manifolds in media with long-range correlated disorder
We study the statics and dynamics of an elastic manifold in a disordered
medium with quenched defects correlated as r^{-a} for large separation r. We
derive the functional renormalization-group equations to one-loop order, which
allow us to describe the universal properties of the system in equilibrium and
at the depinning transition. Using a double epsilon=4-d and delta=4-a
expansion, we compute the fixed points characterizing different universality
classes and analyze their regions of stability. The long-range
disorder-correlator remains analytic but generates short-range disorder whose
correlator exhibits the usual cusp. The critical exponents and universal
amplitudes are computed to first order in epsilon and delta at the fixed
points. At depinning, a velocity-versus-force exponent beta larger than unity
can occur. We discuss possible realizations using extended defects.Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures, revtex
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